亚欧会议（ASEM）水资源管理科技合作长沙宣言
　　中华人民共和国湖南长沙
　　2002年6月12日
　　1999年在北京召开了亚欧科技部长会议。会上提出，加强科技横向交流对于促进亚欧之间在经济与社会各项领域的合作将起到关键性的作用，这种合作同时也有助于世界可持续的、平衡的发展。
　　水是全球关注的重要问题。它和人类健康、农业生产以及自然灾害等重大的社会问题有着直接或者间接的联系。日益突出的水资源管理问题和水环境恶化威胁着可持续发展。当今世界，河流、湖泊、海水受到了严重的污染，湿地正在逐步消失,地表水域中的生物种类日益减少,地下水开采过度而且不断受到污染，世界上很大一部分人口，特别是那些居住在农村以及城市边缘的居民无法喝到放心的饮用水、无法得到良好的卫生条件。城市仍然在发展,对水的质量和数量的要求也在不断提高。根据社会的需求，科技界开始重视如何对现有水资源进行认真负责的管理；如何在全社会对水资源进行合理的分配。
　　人类对水的需求在上升，而水资源的质量在下降。作为2002年6月10日至13日在中国湖南长沙召开的第一届亚欧会议水资源管理研讨会的代表，我们坚决支持1999年在北京召开的科技部长会议上所做出的决定：水资源管理是科技合作的优先领域。全体与会代表对实施办法与措施达成了以下一致的意见。
　　正如在1999年科技部长会议上强调的那样，我们全体与会代表一致认同在未来的十年里亚洲国家所面临的最大挑战将是:
　　*寻求灌溉区及非灌溉区土壤保护与水资源问题的解决方案，以及可持续利用水土资源包括安全使用的措施；
　　*地表水和地下水管理适用技术；
　　*快速城市化地区、森林、农田的环境保护措施；
　　*沿海地区、湿地和水域的综合管理；
　　*将供水及其环境净化视作基本人权；
　　*在涉及农业、土壤保护和森林等领域合作研究的基础上，改良和保护水资源；
　　*加强减低干旱的措施。
　　我们注意到亚欧会议成员国同样遇到了地理与天气的异常变化所造成的程度不同的水渗透、洪水泛滥以及干旱等问题，上述问题引起土壤表层的质量下降，进而引发灾难性的洪水以及地表水系统中的沉淀。人类过去和现在频繁的活动严重破坏了水的总平衡,同时引起水的质量问题。特别应该指出的是迅速发展的工业化和城市化给水资源管理带来了巨大的压力。
　　我们认识到水资源管理方面的优先合作领域与许多热点领域有着千丝万缕的联系，并且涉及到跨学科的研究方法。1999年科技部长会议召开之后，经过探讨，我们确定了几个急待研究的主要问题，如水资源规划、环境与健康影响、灌溉与排水、水资源使用者的参与和政策议题、水质的保护与恢复、流域环境状态以及支持决策的参考指标、水系统的完整性与多功能性、沿海地区的可持续发展等。
　　我们充分认识到，在亚欧会议成员国之间建立信息网络和通信网络非常有利于确定与开展合作活动，以及成员国之间分享信息与技术。鉴于我们已经在联合解决水的管理、保护和高效使用的重要课题上达成了共识，那么我们的主要目标就是要开展大学、研究所、工业以及其他公共和私营机构之间的合作，包括联合研究开发项目与计划。
　　我们一致同意围绕以下长期与短期目标来开展活动:
　　*所有亚欧会议成员在其现有技术知识和经验的基础上制定发展战略并制定行动计划，以增进对水资源的理解和管理。同时，共同努力制定跨学科和系统研究战略；
　　*尽可能把所有亚欧国家组织起来，利用他们的技术知识，通过这两个地区工作组的合作活动来了解并应对亚欧大陆所面临的水资源管理方面的新挑战；
　　*加强具有相同类型的地理条件的亚欧会议成员之间的数据和分析技术交流；
　　*详细制定水资源管理的普及活动计划，旨在克服亚欧两个地区综合水资源规划的开发过程中所出现的障碍；
　　*在约翰内斯堡即将召开的世界可持续发展首脑会议上，确定科研和科技合作的关键作用；
　　*目前农业、森林和城市水资源的有效利用是一个非常紧迫的问题，亚欧会议成员国必须加强这些领域内的合作；
　　*亚欧水资源科技合作项目应有综合性质，并建立在确定问题、可研究领域和完成示范项目的基础上。
　　*根据不同的经济和工业发展水平，将终端污染控制方法与清洁生产技术结合起来。
　　除了该亚欧科技界的积极参与，我们还特别强调要鼓励国有机构、私营企业和技术合作者加入到水资源的管理行列，以便我们能够集思广益、创造机会，在更多的应用项目上加强合作。
　　关于实施模式,我们意识到我们的活动将在平等互利的基础上开展，利用现有的或者双边的或者国际上的技术与方法。特别是,我们强烈要求亚欧会议的合作者在优先主题领域里的活动需要得到鼓励和支持。我们还建议普及活动不仅要普及到科技工作者，还要普及到社会、地方和国家政府当局、水资源管理机构与部门、公共与私营投资者、决策者与媒体。
　　因此，我们认为建立一个亚欧水资源管理网络平台来加强两个地区的科技合作已经变得非常的紧迫，它和科技界、私营企业、政府当局和民间团体有着不可分割的利益关系。这个网络平台应当促进机制建立，确定优先领域和相关活动。
　　我们一定要努力通过各种途径让全社会重视水资源管理和环境保护问题，让我们携手合作，克服科学技术和管理上的困难，使我们的水更清、水资源得到更好的保护和利用。
　　我们的明天会更加美好！
　　(Draft)2002/06/12
　　ASEM Science and Technology Co-operation
　　Changsha Declaration
　　On Water Management Issues
　　Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China, June 12, 2002
　　As concluded by the 1999 ASEM Science and Technology Ministers' Meeting in Beijing, intensified Science and Technology (S&T) cross flows play a key role in strengthening economic and societal links between Asia and Europe within the 26 members of ASEM, while at the same time contributing to the world's sustainable and balanced development.
　　Water is a global and crucial issue. It is, directly and indirectly, linked to major societal issues, such as health, production of food from agriculture, and natural disasters. Increasing water management issues and water environment degradation threaten the sustainable development. Large rivers, lakes and coastal water suffer from pollution, wetland is disappearing, biodiversity dramatically decreased in surface waters, groundwater is more and more overexploited and polluted. A great part of population do not have access to safe drinking water and sanitation especially in the rural and peri-urban areas. Urban development is still increasing, and is also linked to higher water needs in terms of quantity and quality. Key concerns driving science and technology in response to societal needs are the responsible management of available resources and reasonable allocation of water resources among different legitimate users in a society or in cross-boundary river basins.
　　The demand for water is increasing but water resources are degrading. We, the participants of the 1st ASEM workshop on Water Management, held in Changsha, Province of Hunan, P.R. China, June 10 to 13, 2002, therefore strongly support the decision taken during 1999 ASEM S&T Ministers' Meeting in Beijing that Water Management is a priority area for S&T co-operation and agree on the following ways and means of moving forward.
　　As emphasized in the Working paper for the 1999 ASEM S&T Ministers' Meeting, we also agree that important challenges of the forthcoming decade for Asian countries are :
　　- to find solutions for water resources and soil conservation in irrigated areas and non-irrigated areas, as well as means for sustainable use, including safety considerations.
　　- to use appropriate technologies for the management of surface and ground water,
　　- to preserve the environment of areas undergoing fast urban growth, forests and agriculture land,
　　- to integrate coastal zones and related wetland into watershed management,
　　- to implement water supply and environmentally sound sanitation, recognising them as basic human rights
　　- to improve and protect water resources on the basis of joint research involving agriculture, soil protection and forestry
　　- to promote measures to alleviate drought.
　　Recognising that ASEM members also face peculiar geographical and meteorological conditions leading to extremely diverse and hydrological infiltration and runoff and dry periods, as well as to very rapid degradation of the soil cover, to devastating flood events and to sedimentation within the superficial water system. Due to the past and current high human activities, the overall water balance has been since longer deeply perturbed, leading also to qualitative problems. Especially the fast growing industrialization and urbanization activity put extremely high pressure on water resources.
　　We recall that priority areas for co-operation on Water Management relate to very broad thematic aspects and interdisciplinary approaches. Major issues were identified during follow-up actions of the 1999 S&T Minister's Meeting, such as integrated water resource planning, environmental and health impacts, irrigation and drainage, user's participation and policy issues, preservation and rehabilitation in water quality, as well as watershed area state of the environment and decision support indicators, integrity and multi-functionality of water systems, sustainable development of coastal zones.
　　We fully acknowledge that the creation of networks, as well as information and communication systems, will greatly facilitate the setting and development of joint activities and the sharing of information and technology within ASEM members. Co-operation among university, research institutions, industry and other public and private entities, including joint research and development programmes and projects, is our major goal, as we agree to solve together important issues related to water management conservation and efficient use.
　　We agree to base our actions on the following short and long term objectives:
　　- to contribute to the establishment of an interdisciplinary and systemic research strategy and to outline action plans for improved understanding and management of water resources on the basis of the state of knowledge and experiences of all ASEM members,
　　- to associate a large number of European and Asian countries for using their expertise into understanding and solving the new challenges of the Eurasian continent, through bi-regional collaborative European and Asian working group activities with large scale targets,
　　- to foster exchange between ASEM members on similar geographical types of data and interpretation techniques,
　　- to elaborate dissemination activities towards overcoming barriers to the development of integrated water resources planning within both regions, Europe and Asia,
　　- to highlight the critical role of research and scientific and technological co-operation at the forthcoming WSSD meeting in Johannesburg, and
　　- to promote efficient use of water resource in agriculture, forest and urban areas which is an urgent issue at present.
　　- to prevent ecosystem degradation and flood disasters.
　　- projects under the ASEM S&T water cooperation should have an integrated nature and based on problem definition, researchable domains, and pilot project implementation,
　　- to integrate end-of pipe pollution control measures with cleaner production technologies considering different economic and industrial development levels.
　　We understand that the participations of public entities, private sectors and technology oriented partners of ASEM members need to be encouraged besides the involvement of ASEM scientific community. This will bring their entrepreneurial points of view into recommendations to create opportunities for enhanced collaborations on more applied projects.
　　Concerning the modes of implementation, we recall that our actions will be carried on equal and mutual beneficial basis, using available or new bilateral, bi-regional or international instruments. In particular, we strongly request that ASEM members need to be encouraged and supported. We also advis e that dissemination activities need to be organised in a such a way to reach not only scientific researchers, but also civil society, local and national authorities, Water Agencies, the water resources sector, public and private investors, decision-makers and the media.
　　To this extent we consider that the establishment of an ASEM Networking Platform on water management constitutes an urgent and irreplaceable need to reinforce bi-regional S&T Co-operation which involves stakeholders from scientific communities, the private sector, public authorities and civil society. The network shall stimulate the establishment of the 'secretariat', define thematic priorities and facilitate activities.
　　We shall try our best to make the whole society aware of the importance of water resources and environment protection and management. Let us join our efforts to solve scientific, technical and managerial difficulties, so as to make our water clearer water resources better protected and our future more beautiful.
　　(Draft) 2002/06/11